Carbureter and vaporizer for explosion-engines.



No. 800,777. PATENTED 007. a, 1905. A. WESTMAGOTT. GARBURETER AND VAPORIZER FOR EXPLOSION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY8.1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l PATENTED 007?. 3, 1905; A. WESTMACOTT. GARBURETBR AND VAPORIZER FOR EXPLOSION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 8.1905.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARBURETER AND VAPORIZER FOR EXPLOSION-ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 3, 1905.

Application filed y 8, 1905. Serial No. 259,351.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALFRED Wns'rMAooTT, naval architect, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at St. Helens, in the Isle of Night, in the county of Hants, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Connected with Carburete'rs and Vaporizers for Explosion-Engineaof which the following is a specification, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed and to the letters marked thereon.

The invention relates to improvements in or connected with carbureters and Vaporizers for explosion-engines; and the primary object thereof is to obtain in a more efl'ective manner than heretofore an explosive mixture by the vaporization of ordinary paraflin-oil of commerce; but the invention also consists in various details of construction of the device as hereinafter pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is an elevation of a combined carbureter and vaporizer constructed according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan thereof. Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 1 1 of Fig. l, and Fig. 4: is a diagrammatic plan showing the arrangement of the branch from the exhaust-port of a motor.

In the several figures'like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.

(0 represents a case or chamber within which is reniovably fitted longitudinally of the case a a cluster of tubes 5, constituting a vaporizer, which at their ends are fixed in tubeplates 1) 5 having beveled or coned peripheral edges Z/ b which fit against corresponding shoulders or seats a a upon the interior of the case or chamber a.

The tube-plate If at the upper end forms the bottom ofa hollow plug or stopper 1), tightly fitting the upper end of the casingor chamber a and said stopper 7), and therefore the cluster of tubes b is removably held in place by means of bolts and nuts 6*, so that the cluster of tubes can be readily withdrawn from the casing a for the purpose of cleaning out any deposit therein and as easily replaced.

The upper end of the plug or stopper 6 is closed by means of a cylindrical chamber 6 having a perforate bottom 6 and a hollow stopper-like top I)", which screws into the cylinder I) and is packed with non-conducting material 6 Fixed with the stopper 6" is a cock 6, which at its lower end communicates by. a pipe or nozzle 72 with the interior of the chamber I) and at its upper end communicates with a reservoir 6 for paraffin, petrol, or the like, so that when desired a small quantity thereof may be admitted into the chamber 6 and by the perforations of the bottom thereof sprayed into the tubes 7) for the purpose of starting the engine.

The hollow of the plug or stopper 6 is at one side provided with an outlet U, communicating through an opening (a with the supply or induction port of the engine, and at the other side the stopper or plug 7) is provided with an inlet b'f, communicating through an opening a in the casing with a valve-chamber (0 open to the atmosphere; but the Way through said chamber a is normally closed by an internal valve a. controlled by a apring a ca-- pable of regulation by means of anut a and which valve upon an undue increase of speed of the engine opens and admits a supply of air for the purpose hereinafter described.

At one side and near to one end of that part of the casing a inclosing the cluster of tubes 6 and which may be called the vaporizingchamber is an inlet a, which is adapted to be connected with a branch a from a pipe a, leading from the exhaust-port of the engine to the usual silencer (0 and said branch a is fitted with a throttle-valve a, as shown more particularly at Fig. 4, so that by turning the valve the volume of the exhaust-gases passed through the vaporizing-ch amber may be regulated. At the other side of the casing a, or it might be in other suitable position, and at or near to the other end of the vaporizingchamber is an outlet (4 open to the atmosphere, and the hot exhaust-gases entering the vaporizing-chamber by the inlet a from the engine are thus caused to circulate betweenand among the cluster of tubes Z) of the vaporizer and efficiently heat them.

In the side of the casing a is an opening a, normally closed by a shutter (0 and intended to allow of the passage of the flame of a blowlamp for the purpose of starting the device, as hereinafter described, and inside said opening is a platinum plate a, the oflice of which is to shield the tubes Z) from the direct action of the flame and also to spread the flame among the tubes.

Beneath the lower tube-plate b of the vaporizer is a space 0/, which may be called a mixing-chamber, and fixed with the lower end of the casing a. by screwing thereinto is a mixing-cone 0, the upper end of which is open to the mixing-chamber and is contracted to form a kind of conical nozzle 0, which is interiorly serrated or roughened.

Beneath the nozzle 0 and formed therewith is a ring 0 and screwing into said ring is an air-chamber 0 the upper end of which is coned' or beveled to form a seat 0* for a correspondingly-shaped valve 0", the rod 0 of which passes through a tubular boss and exteriorly of the air-chamber c is acted upon by a spring 0 capable of regulation by means of nuts 0 screwing onto the threaded end of the rod 0, so as to normally force the valve 0 down upon its seat 0*.

Around the upper part of the air-ch amber is an annular channel a", into which open the lower ends of a number of tubular ways 0 the upper ends of which are contracted and extend through the valve-seat 0, but are normally closed by the valve 0 The annular channel 0 is connected with the way o in the ring a and which is by a pipe 0 connected with a regulating-valve (Z, controlling the supply of oil or spirit to the mixing-cone a, and said valve is held against accidentally shifting by means of a spring (Z which presses upon the hand-wheel (Z of the spindle d.

The body of the air-chamber c is surrounded by a casing 0 at its upper part screwed upon the upper part of the air-chamber 0 the lower part of which is of considerably smaller diameter than the casing o leaving an annular space between said parts, and the easing 0 is toward its upper part provided with air-supply ways 0 therein, leading to the annular space, and the air-chamber c is at its lower part provided with similar ways 0 leading to the interior thereof, and a supply of air is thus admitted beneath the valve 0 The lower part or tloor of the air-chamber is inclined to form a gutter 0 so that any free oil in said chamber will drain thereinto,

and leading from said gutter is a drainagepipe 0" for carrying off said waste oil.

The action of the device is as follows: The shutter a is opened and the flame of a blowlamp is introduced at the opening a and impinging upon the platinum plate or shield a" is spread and distributed among the tubes 7),

thereby heating the same and after a period l of about ten minutes the blow-lamp is withdrawn and the shutter a closed. The spraycock 6 is then turned on and the paraffin is sprayed into the heated tubes 7), and thereby becomes instantly vaporized, and upon turning the motor with the starting-handle it immediately starts. By the suction-stroke of the engine air is drawn through the ways 0 c and lifts the valve 0', allowing oil to flow through the ways 0 in the valve-seat 0* in the form of a number of jets or sprays which are caught by the air which rushes past the Valve with a high velocity and are thereby dashed against the rol'ighened surface of the nozzle 0 and broken into minute atoms, so that the air is effectually mixed with the oil particles in its passage through the mixingchamber a. The air thus charged with hydrocarbon is then drawn through the heated tubes 7) of the vaporizer to the engine, in its passage becoming completely vaporized, so as to con stitute an efiicient explosive mixture. A throttle-valve a or it might be any other suitable valve, is placed in the passage leading from the hollow plug 6 to the engine and may be actuated by a governor in the well-known man ner or by hand in order to regulate the charge drawn into the cylinder, and therefore the speed of the engine. The inwardly-opening spring-valve a, connected with the hollow stopper or plug 6 should be adjusted so as to admit an additional supply of air when the engine exceeds a given limit of speed and by attenuating the explosive mixture assists to govern the speed of the engine. The cluster of tubes 6 of the vaporizer among which the exhaust-gases from the engine are discharged largely acts as a silencer.

If desired, the motor may be started by a spray of petrol or spirit from the reservoir 12 instead of parafin, and in this case the use of a blow-lamp to heat the tubesb is unnecessary, the spray being suflicient to start the engine immediately without the necessity for a preliminary heating of the tubes Z), and after running the motor with the spray for a period of, say, fifty seconds the tubes 5 of the vaporizer become sufliciently heated, when the paraffin-supply valve 0 is then turned on and the spray-cock Z) turned off.

It will be obvious that any suitable oil or spirit other than paraflin may be employed as a fuel or carbureting agent.

By the means hereinbefore described a highly-efficient carbureter and vaporizer is obtained by the aid of which paraffin, among other agents, may be successfully employed as a fuel in explosion-engines.

Having now particularlydescribed and ascertained the nature of the said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1. In a carbureter and vaporizer, the com bination of a case or chamber, a group of tubes mounted in removable tube-plates made tight with said casing, an inlet in the side of the casing between the tube-plates adapted to be connected with the exhaust-port of a motor, an outlet from the casing between said tubeplates, an oil and air feed device beneath the lower tube-plate, an outlet from the casing above the upper tube-plate adapted to be connected with the induction-port of the motor, a corresponding inlet fitted with an inwardlyopening spring-Valve at the opposite side of the casing, an opening in the casing between the tube-plates fitted with a shutter and designed for the introduction of the flame of a blow-lamp and a platinum plate or shield within said opening substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.

2. In a carbureter and vaporizer the combination of a case or chamber, a group of tubes mounted in removable tube-plates made tight with said casing, an inlet in the side of the casing between the tube-plates adapted to be connected with the exhaust-port of a motor, an outlet from the casing between said tubeplates, an oil and air feed device beneath the lower tube-plate, an outlet from the casing above the upper tube-plate adapted to be connected with the induction-port of the motor, a corresponding inlet fitted with an inwardlyopening spring-valve at the opposite side of the casing, a closed top to the casing, a starting-cock mounted on said top and communicating with the interior of the casing and a reservoir for oil or spirit connected with said cock substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.

3. In a carbureter and vaporizer the combination of a case or chamber, a group of tubes at their lower ends mounted in a removable tube-plate made tight with said casing and at their upper ends mounted in a tube-plate formed by the bottom of a removable hollow plug or stopper closing the top of the casing, an inlet in the side of the casing between the tube-plates adapted to be connected with the exhaust-port of a motor, an outlet from the casing between said tube-plates, an oil and air feed device beneath the lower tube-plate, an outlet from the casing above the upper tubeplate adapted to be connected with the induction-port of the motor, a corresponding inlet fitted with an inwardly-opening spring-valve at the opposite side of the casing, a perforate plate below the top of the hollow stopper, a cock extending through the top of the stopper and a reservoir for oil or spirit connected with said cock substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.

4. In a carbureter and vaporizer the combination of a case or chamber, a group of tubes mounted in removable tube-plates made tight with said casing, an inlet in the side of the easing between the tube-plates adapted to be connected with the exhaust-port of a motor, an outlet from the casing, between said tubeplates, an outlet from the casing above the upper tube-plate adapted to be connected with the ind uction-port of the motor, a corresponding inlet fitted with an inwardly-opening spring-valve at the opposite side of the easing, an oil and air feed and mixing device beneath the lower tube-plate consisting of a hollow open-topped cone having serrated sides, a

valve-seat beneath said cone, a coacting springcontrolled lift-valve, a ring of perforations in the valve-seat, an annular channel connecting with said perforations, an oil-feedway connecting with said channel, a regulating-valve for controlling the oil-feed, an air-chamber beneath the valve-seat, air-supply ways in the wall of said chamber and a drainage-way at the bottom thereof and means for starting the vaporizer substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

ALFRED WVESTMACOTT. Witnesses:

J. MAIN, A. J. WI-IETTEN. 

